![]() The data before and after the criterion check are shown by the black lines and red lines, respectively.įractional standard deviations of the apparent error (thick solid lines), forecast error (dotted lines), and observational error (thin solid lines) for (a),(c) linear excess phase and (b),(d) refractivity in the (a),(b) winter and (c),(d) summer months. Angle brackets (〈 〉) indicate the mean of the observations at each model mean height. The model grid indices are also shown at the left and bottom sides of the figure.įractional differences between the observations ( S obs or N obs) and model forecasts ( S fst or N fst) at each model level for (a),(c) linear excess phase and (b),(d) refractivity in the (a),(b) winter and (c),(d) summer month. The geographical distributions of 2999 GPS RO soundings from COSMIC within the WRF model domain in the winter month (15 Jan–).
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